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We all speak English in Wales but the Welsh language is thriving. It’s spoken fluently by over half a million people in Wales that’s over 20% of the population. It’s called Cymraeg, and is a language with entirely regular and phonetic spelling. Our place names may look complicated but once you know the rules, you can learn to read and pronounce Welsh fairly easily.

Our Celtic language is closely related to Cornish and Breton and is one of Europe’s oldest living languages; the Welsh we speak today is directly descended from the language of the Sixth Century.

Welsh is a living language, used in conversation by thousands and seen throughout Wales. Welsh Language Act 1993 and the Government of Wales Act 1998 provide that the Welsh and English languages should be treated equally. Public bodies are required to prepare and implement a Welsh Language Scheme. Local councils and the Welsh Assembly Government use Welsh as an official language, issuing official literature and publicity in Welsh as well as in English. Road signs in Wales are in English and Welsh, including the Welsh versions of place names.

The Welsh people are keen to keep the language alive so Welsh is a compulsory subject for all school pupils up to the age of 16 in Wales. Welsh medium schools are also increasingly popular.

We have a Welsh language television channel, S4C, and a Welsh language radio station, BBC Radio Cymru. There is no daily newspaper in Welsh, but there is a weekly national paper as well as Welsh language magazines and regional monthly papers.

Our experience of language development is being shared throughout Europe and the world by the European Network to Promote Linguistic Diversity, which is managed by the Welsh Language Board.

Learning Welsh

If you want to learn some Welsh, there are a number of websites to help you get started.

  • The BBC has a fun interactive online guide to learning Welsh. The site is easy to use – click on the button to hear the word or phrase spoken.
  • S4C provides a Welsh learners pack plus information on language courses.
  • Say Something in Welsh has been getting great reviews from learners around the world. 
  • Nant Gwrtheyrn Welsh Language Centre, located in a former quarrying village of the Llŷn Peninsula specializes in Welsh for adults and residential courses.
  • There’s also several Welsh for Adults Centres that often welcome international students on their summer courses.
Image: The Welsh alphabet

Take a look at our alphabet and some basic phrases in Welsh.

Image: Place names

Find out the meaning behind some of our most popular place names.